Heel Fractures

Most heel fractures are the result of a traumatic event—most commonly, falling from a height, such as a ladder, or being in an automobile accident where the heel is crushed against the floorboard. Heel fractures can also occur with other types of injuries, such as an ankle sprain. A smaller number of heel fractures are stress fractures, caused by overuse or repetitive stress on the heel bone.

What is the calcaneus?

The heel bone, also known as the calcaneus bone, is a large bone that forms the foundation of the rear part of the foot. The calcaneus connects with the talus and cuboid bones. The connection between the talus and calcaneus forms the subtalar joint. This joint is important for normal foot function.

The calcaneus is often compared to a hard-boiled egg because it has a thin, hard shell on the outside and softer, spongy bone on the inside. When the outer shell is broken, the bone tends to collapse and become fragmented. For this reason, heel fractures are severe injuries. Furthermore, if the fracture involves the joints, there is the potential for long-term consequences such as arthritis and chronic pain.

Are there different types of heel fractures?

Fractures of the calcaneus may or may not involve the subtalar and surrounding joints. Fractures involving the joints (intra-articular fractures) are the most severe calcaneal fractures and include damage to the cartilage (the connective tissue between two bones). The outlook for recovery depends on how severely the calcaneus was crushed at the time of injury.

Fractures that don’t involve the joint (extra-articular fractures) include:

  • Those caused by trauma, such as avulsion fractures (in which a piece of bone is pulled off of the calcaneus by the Achilles tendon or a ligament) or crush injuries resulting in multiple fracture fragments
  • Stress fractures, caused by overuse or mild injury.

The severity and treatment of extra-articular fractures depend on their location and size.

What are the symptoms of a heel fracture?

Calcaneal fractures produce different signs and symptoms, depending on whether they are traumatic or stress fractures.

The signs and symptoms of traumatic fractures may include:

  • Sudden pain in the heel and inability to bear weight on that foot
  • Swelling in the heel area
  • Bruising of the heel and ankle

The signs and symptoms of stress fractures may include:

  • Generalized pain in the heel area that usually develops slowly (over several days to weeks)
  • Swelling in the heel area

How are heel fractures diagnosed?

To diagnose and evaluate a calcaneal fracture, our podiatrists will ask questions about how the injury occurred, examine the affected foot and ankle, and order x-rays. In addition, advanced imaging tests are commonly required.

What is the treatment for heel fractures?

Treatment of heel fractures is dictated by the type of fracture and extent of the injury. Our team will discuss with you the best treatment—whether surgical or non-surgical—for the fracture.

For some fractures, non-surgical treatments may be used. These include:

  • Rest. Stay off the injured foot to allow the fracture to heal.
  • Ice. Use ice to reduce swelling and pain. Apply a bag of ice covered with a thin towel to the affected area.
  • Compression. Wrap the foot in an elastic bandage or wear a compression stocking to maintain blood flow and reduce discomfort and swelling.
  • Elevation. Keep the foot even with or slightly above the heart level to reduce the swelling.
  • Cast or Cast Boot. Sometimes the foot is placed in a cast or cast boot to keep the fractured bone from moving. Crutches may be needed to avoid weight-bearing.

For traumatic fractures, treatment often involves surgery to reconstruct the joint, or in severe cases, to fuse the joint. We will choose the best surgical approach for you.

Whether the treatment for a heel fracture has been surgical or non-surgical, physical therapy often plays a key role in regaining strength and restoring function.

Are there any complications associated with heel fractures?

Heel fractures can be serious injuries that may produce lifelong problems. Arthritis, stiffness, and pain in the joint frequently develop. Sometimes the fractured bone fails to heal in the proper position. Other possible long-term consequences of heel fractures are decreased ankle motion and walking with a limp due to the collapse of the heel bone and loss of length in the leg. Patients often require additional surgery and/or long term or permanent use of a brace or an orthotic device (arch support) to help manage these complications.

Heel Fracture Treatment in Silverdale, Washington

At Peninsula Podiatry, we offer a full range of treatment options for heel fractures. If you would like to schedule an appointment, please call (360) 228-2423.

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